The street vendor who was being injured and was being removed was being hit with an umbrella for a long time by the attacker

salut les gens, originally I wanted to do a post on an owl but then I thought I could do a post on another unusual bird that not many people here know about and I thought "why not use the same elements I used for my baccalaureate ?"

So I'd like to introduce you: the Black Tern. L'emblème de mon ptn d'oral de bac.

Description:

The Black Tern from its scientific name Chlidonias niger (yeah, I can see you laughing NIG-) is a small gull with black to dark gray plumage from head to belly, clearly bordered by the pure white of the under-tails. Upperparts and wings are slate-gray, slightly darker on the back and large primaries. The underside is light gray, almost white. The beak is black and the legs blackish-red. The female, often very difficult to distinguish, is lighter, with a light gray throat. Wintering adults have identical plumage above, but different underparts. The head has a black hood extending to the nape of the neck and behind the eye, contrasting with the rest of the white. The throat, breast and belly are also white. The juvenile is distinguished mainly by its grayish-brown upperparts, which vary in shade from individual to individual. Its plumage is marked by pale-tipped borders, giving the back a scaly appearance.

Adult:

Juvenile :

Behavior:

The highly sociable Black Tern migrates or halts at suitable sites in loose groups of anywhere from a few dozen to several hundred birds, particularly along sea coasts.

Diet:

Although the staple diet consists of aquatic insects and their larvae, the species eats a wide variety of invertebrates,consumes a wide variety of invertebrates: terrestrial insects, worms, crustaceans, mollusks and spiders.

Habitat:

The Black Tern usually frequents ponds, continental marshes, backshore-littoral marshes, but also, during migration rivers, seashores, often several kilometers offshore, lakes, reservoirs and lagoons. lakes, reservoirs and lagoons. In western marshes, the species is strictly confined to temporarily flooded hygrophilous or mesohygrophilous meadows meadows, which are generally grazed. On inland sites, it seeks out ponds for nesting. often difficult-to-access ponds, rich in floating or emergent vegetation.

Geographical distribution:

The Black Tern is a holarctic species, whose nominate form Chlidonias n. niger breeds in Europe and Asia as far Asia as far as Lake Balkhach (Kazakhstan) and the Altai (Siberia). Its winter distribution is limited to Africa, from the coasts of Mauritania to South Africa. Subspecies surinamensis nests in North America and winters from Mexico to northern South America, to the coasts of Peru and Guyana.

In Europe, the species breeds in most countries, with the exception of the British Isles, Belgium, Portugal Norway, Switzerland and Austria. In France, breeding distribution is limited exclusively to a few large marshes on the Atlantic seaboard, as well as the the Brenne ponds and irregularly in Sologne, Camargue and Forez. Most of the population breeds in the Brière marshes and on Lac de Grand-Lieu, followed by the Marais Poitevin vendéen and the Marais de Rochefort (LA CHARENTE MARITIME REPRESEENTEEE), where numbers are smaller. During the migration period, the species is observed almost everywhere in the country, but more particularly on the the Rhône valley and eastern regions. Wintering remains anecdotal in France. The wintering grounds of the West European population are located on the coasts of Africa, notably in the Gulf of Guinea.

This map show the distribution of the Black tern.

Legend:

Green: Present and/or breeding

Purple: Rare / Occasional

Reproduction and population dynamics:

Black Tern colonies generally consist of 10 to 25 pairs, rarely more in France. The nest, measuring 10 to 20 cm in diameter, varies in design. It may consist of a large pile of more or less degraded vegetation, or a simple carpet of grass, or even no material at all. In exceptional cases, nests have been established on dried cow dung in a meso-hygrophilous meadow, without any additional material.

protection status:

The Black Tern is a protected species. (can't be hunted, degraded or poached)

conservation status

At present, the Black Tern, considered a species with vulnerable conservation status and reduced numbers shows a stable demographic trend, but its status remains precarious.

The rest of this species sheet will be a presentation of Rochefort Marshes (Quéreux marsh) and focus on actions to conserve the Black Tern in the Rochefort marshes.

example of rafts built for the black tern:

Why build rafts and who did it ?

The bird nests in pastures and low-lying parts of meadows, which need to be in water, because the nests

are designed as rafts of aquatic vegetation. The aim of building artificial rafts is to encourage the terns to nest.

Most of time the LPO (Ligue for Protection of the Birds) and Natura 2000 take charges of this action.

How many rafts?

• Black Tern colonies generally consist of 10 to 25 pairs, rarely more in France.

in France. We chose to place 10 rafts.

Choosing the location for the rafts

• The topography of the Quéreux marsh is characterized by depressions (low-lying areas with bowl-shaped

depression...).

Habitats :

Around Rochefort and in the Charente river valley, there are semi-natural wet meadows and

and freshwater canals on the marshes, as well as large-scale or linear

reedbeds, mudflats on the banks of the Charente and salt marshes on the estuary.

Fauna and flora :

Many migratory birds fly over the Charente coastline, notably waders (small birds that use the mudflats) and anatidae (ducks).

wading birds (small waders that use the mudflats) and anatidae (ducks), both on the coast and in the marshes.

marshes. This is why several nature reserves have been created: The Réserve naturelle de

Moëze-Oléron nature reserve, the Yves marshes between Rochefort and La Rochelle, and the Lilleau des Niges

Niges on the Ile de Ré. These wetlands are also important for flagship species such as the

European Cistude (Emys orbocularis), the European Otter (Lutra lutra) and the European Mink (Mustela lutre).

mink (Mustela lutreola), a species classified as critically endangered worldwide and

one of the last remaining population nuclei is in the Charente river valley.

Where did the actions took place ?

For the Quéreux marsh, the meadow is supplied with water by rainfall. It also receives rainwater from a Rochefort neighborhood of Rochefort ("Sainte Sophie" network in light blue located nearby). This water passes through 3 basins for treatment, then flows onto the Quéreux meadow.This can only be done from October to April, because a farmer puts his cows on the meadow from April. The water from Sainte-Sophie is then channeled into the main network (in dark blue, see maps above) to compensate for the lack of water to compensate for the lack of water during spring and summer.

Choosing the date to lay the rafts:

According to this database, the first terns to return from Africa are seen in Charente Maritime at the end of March for the earliest arrivals, but more generally between April 05 and 15. It's important to install the rafts early enough (end of March) to maximize the chances of success.However, one of my training periods didn't start until April 11, 2022; so we made the rafts on April 11 and installed them on the flooded depression on April 12, 2022.

Why doing this and have there been any conclusive results? (why the Black is a endangered specie)

The sharp decline in the Black Tern population in France is due to the disappearance and degradation of breeding wetlands over the last 50 years, as wet meadows have been cultivated and marshes drained. The development of fish farming has also been cited as a reason for the species' decline in Brenne and Sologne. The development of fish farming is also cited as a reason for the species' decline in Brenne and Sologne. The disappearance of wetlands alone is not enough to explain the species' decline. In fact, this species has very high nesting requirements and is extremely sensitive to changes in its habitat and to disturbance during reproduction. Abandonment of colonies during breeding is very frequent. The most frequent cause of failure is the drying-up of meadows during brooding or rearing of young, or, on the contrary, sudden increases in water level leading to the submergence of nests. These variations in water level are either natural (drought or storm) or man-made (manipulation of hydraulic structures). The other frequently cited cause of nest abandonment is disturbance by man (fishing near colonies), or by various introduced species (coypu Myocastor coypus), some of which actually predate (Sacred Ibis Threskiornis aethiopicus), and trampling by cattle grazing the meadows. The high turbidity of the water, linked to the presence of the coypu, makes fishing difficult.

No conclusions can be drawn from the technical analysis. The effectiveness of rafting could not be demonstrated the early drying of the meadow.

!birdlovers

Source:

https://www.oiseaux.net/maps/guifette.noire.html

https://inpn.mnhn.fr/docs/cahab/fiches/Guifette-noire.pdf

Mon rapport de stage de golmon

When I was a trainee at the LPO I took some clichés about birbs

Ibis falcinelle (glossy ibis) , Héron cendré (Grey heron) , Avocette élégante (Elegant Avocet)

busard des roseaux (marsh harrier) , Tourterelle des bois (Turtle dove)

!birdlovers

!israelsupporters

The moments vehicles carrying Israeli hostages entered Israel.

It's not rlly worth it to watch no one got seen getting filled whit bullets it's just blind firing