Leaked photos from a Chinese morgue show the autopsy of a brutally murdered woman. Her attacker stabbed her multiple times and slit her throat. The wounds on her hands indicate that the victim was actively trying to defend herself.

No idea if the first image is a repost, but also, more photos:

What is Bulima Nervosa?

Bulimia Nervosa is an eating disorder and a mental illness.

Symptoms of Bulimia Nervosa can include

eating a large amount of food (binge eating)

self-induced vomiting (purgeing)

excessive laxative use

fasting

excessive exercise

using medication inappropriatly to reduce weight

Psychological symptoms of Bulimia Nervosa can include

preoccupation or obsession with eating, dieting, exercise or body image

fear of gaining weight

sensitivity to comments about eating, dieting, exercise or body image

feelings of shame, guilt and disgust, especially after eating and/or purging

a distorted body image or extreme dissatisfaction with body shape

anxiety or irritability around meal times

low self-esteem, depression, anxiety or suicidality

Behavioural symptoms of Bulimia Nervosa can include

repetitive dieting behaviour (such as counting calories, fasting, skipping meals, avoiding certain food groups)

excessive exercise, even when sick or injured

avoiding social situations

eating alone or in secret, avoiding other people at meal times

hiding food

frequent trips to the bathroom during or after eating

use of laxatives, enemas, diuretics or appetite suppressants

spending large amounts of money on food

self-harming behaviour, substance misuse and suicidality

The effects of Bulimia Nervosa on the human body

incontinence (urinal and fecal)

gastrointestinal conditions associated with compensatory behaviours

heart-related issues

weakened bones (osteoporosis)

infertility in men and women

electrolyte imbalance from self-induced vomiting – this can cause severe dehydration, and damage nerves, muscles and organs

subconjunctival hemorrhage of the eye from the strain of purging

tooth cavities, diseased gums, and irreversible enamel erosion caused by excessive acid in the mouth from purging

[Screenshot 2024-04-26 10.2.08.png]

hemorrhoids caused by weakened rectal walls from the strain of purging

prolapsed bowel as a result of rectal walls being weakened by the strain of purging

acute pancreatitis

swollen salivary glands

peptic ulcer caused by excess acid in the stomach

gastric rupture (ruptured stomach) caused by periods of bingeing

esophagitis from purging

tear in the esophagus from purging

rupture of the esophagus

small cuts across the back of the hand due to self-induced vomiting

water retention, swelling, and abdominal bloating

inflammation of the throat from purging

death

I've made another post about the last picture specifically and their autopsy report! Feel free to look at it

This post is supposed to show the dangers of Bulimia Nervosa and it is NOT meant to 'glorify' eating disorders!!!

It may not be possible to determine the manner of death, in circumstances such as death following fall from height. When a dead body is found in front of a tall building, the ascertainment of the manner of death is difficult and in this case, the importance of a psychological autopsy in such circumstance is discussed. Middle-aged female with bronchial asthma, arterial hypertension, chronic venous insufficiency, Forestier disease, hyperlordosis of lumbar spine and vitamin D deficiency developed bilateral leg swelling and rash following 14 hours of air travel. Duplex scan excluded lower limb venous thrombosis. She did not have past history of psychiatric disorder but suddenly developed aggressive abnormal behaviour, confusion and bizarre activities. She removed her clothes and finally jumped off from 6th floor of her residency. She was succumbed to death due to multiple injuries following fall from height. No suicidal letter was recovered from the scene. The manner of death was ascertained as suicide based on eyewitness evidence. Her sudden onset of abnormal and violent behaviour may be an act of automatism without volitional control due to undiagnosed inorganic or organic disease of the brain. The witnessed suicidal behaviour was reverted to accident as a manner of death. The importance of psychological autopsy and teamwork between Forensic Pathologist and Forensic Psychiatrist in suspicious circumstances to ascertain the manner of death is highlighted. Labelling as suicide will end up in negative social stigma and loss of insurance claims. (2) (PDF) Importance of a psychological autopsy to identify the manner of death; a case of fall from height.

thanks to DrGlocktapus (I'm pretty sure that's his/her user) for teaching me how to post multiple images! you rock dude!

American rapper Tupac Shakur passed away on September 13, 1996, six days after sustaining multiple gunshot wounds in a drive-by shooting in Las Vegas, Nevada. The incident occurred at 11:15 pm while Shakur's car was halted at a red light on East Flamingo Road and Koval Lane. He was struck four times by gunfire from a .40-caliber Glock, sustaining injuries to his chest, arm, and thigh. Despite medical efforts, Shakur succumbed to his wounds at the University Medical Center of Southern Nevada.

Though the identity of his assailant remains elusive, speculation suggests involvement from Orlando Anderson, purportedly a member of the Crips gang. This suspicion stems from an altercation earlier in which Shakur and his associates confronted Anderson, who had allegedly clashed with them prior to the shooting. The murder case of Shakur remains unresolved officially.

Background:

See East Coast-West Coast hip hop rivalry for additional context.

On November 30, 1994, Shakur encountered a robbery and subsequent shooting at Quad Recording Studios in Manhattan, where he sustained five gunshot wounds. Accusations were directed at Sean Combs, Andre Harrell, and Christopher "The Notorious B.I.G." Wallace, present during the incident. Shakur also harbored suspicions against Randy "Stretch" Walker, accompanying him at the time.

During Shakur's incarceration for sexual assault, Wallace released the contentious track "Who Shot Ya?" interpreted by Shakur as a taunt regarding his prior assault. Shakur retaliated with numerous diss tracks targeting the East Coast hip hop scene, primarily aimed at Combs, Wallace, and Bad Boy Entertainment. This marked the onset of the coastal rivalry that characterized mid-1990s hip hop, often associated with the untimely deaths of Shakur and Wallace.

Las Vegas, Nevada:

On September 6, 1996, at 11:30 pm, Shakur left Lacy Street Production Studio in Los Angeles, concluding the filming of his music video "Toss It Up." Following a brief stop at his Calabasas mansion, he departed for Las Vegas with his cousin Jamala Lesane. Shakur attended the Mike Tyson - Bruce Sheldon boxing match at the MGM Grand, accompanied by Suge Knight, before his scheduled performance at Club 662.

Upon arrival in Las Vegas at 3 pm, Shakur left his girlfriend and cousin in their hotel room to engage in gambling at a nearby casino, accompanied by his entourage, including bodyguard Frank Alexander and members of The Outlawz. After witnessing Tyson's victory, an altercation ensued in the MGM Grand lobby between Death Row affiliates and Orlando "Baby Lane" Anderson, allegedly linked to a previous robbery involving Death Row associates. Amidst the scuffle, Shakur refrained from wearing his bulletproof vest, opting to change clothes before his performance at Club 662.

Subsequently, Shakur departed for Suge Knight's residence, where he and Knight engaged in private conversation, leading Shakur to request Alexander's presence in a separate vehicle. The Death Row entourage, comprising ten cars, departed from Knight's mansion, with Shakur and Knight occupying Knight's BMW 750.

Between 10:50 - 10:55 pm, the final photograph of Shakur was captured at a red light. Later, Knight's vehicle encountered a police stop for infractions, with no penalties issued. Around 11:15 pm, at the intersection of East Flamingo Road and Koval Lane, Knight's BMW was ambushed by gunfire from a white Cadillac, resulting in Shakur's fatal injuries and Knight sustaining a head wound.

Following the shooting, Knight maneuvered the vehicle to seek medical assistance. Despite efforts to revive Shakur, he succumbed to his injuries at the University Medical Center on September 13, 1996. The official cause of death cited respiratory failure and cardiopulmonary arrest due to multiple gunshot wounds. Shakur's remains were cremated the following day, fulfilling his request for a portion of his ashes to be mixed with marijuana and consumed by members of The Outlawz. His posthumous album, "The Don Killuminati: The 7 Day Theory," was released on November 5, 1996, by Death Row Records.

Here are the suspects :

Definition

Oxford Languages:

Twins that are physically joined at birth, sometimes sharing organs, and in some cases separable by surgery (depending on the degree of fusion).

Medical Definition:

Conjoined twins are two babies who are born physically connected to each other.

Causes

Conjoined twins develope when an early embryo only partially seperates to form two children. That means, two children develope but they stay physically connected. It is believed that this only occurs when an embryo of identical twins (monozygotic twins) splits later than usual, causing the seperation to stop before the process is complete. There is also a theory that the bodies fuse together after their development, however this hasn't been proven yet.

Cases of Conjoined Twins

Chest: These twins are called Thoracopagus twins. They are joined at their chest, facing each other. They may share a heart and liver.

Abdomen: Omphalopagus twins are joined near the bellybutton. They often share a liver and the upper digestive tract. Some twins share the lower part of the small intestine (ileum) and the longest part of the large intestine (colon). They never share a heart.

Base of the Spine: Pygopagus twins are commonly joined back to back at the base of the spine and the buttocks. Some pygopagus twins share the lower gastrointestinal tract, some even their genitals and urinary organs.

Length of the Spine: Rachipagus, also called rachiopagus, twins are joined back to back along the length of the spine. Often only one of the twins is fully developed. The other one is seen as a Parasitic Rachipagus Twin. This type is very rare.

Pelvis: Ischiopagus twins are joined at the pelvis, they can be face to face or end to end. They often share the gastrointestinal tract, as well as liver, genitals and urinary organs. Some even share a leg or two, but that is very rare.

Trunk: Parapagus twins are joined side to side at the pelvis and part or all of the belly (abdomen) and chest, but with separate heads. The twins can have two, three or four arms and two or three legs.

Head: Craniopagus twins are joined at the back, top or side of the head, but not the face. Craniopagus twins share a portion of the skull. But their brains are usually separate, though they may share some brain tissue.

Head and chest: Cephalopagus twins are joined at the head and upper body. The faces are on opposite sides of a single shared head, and they share a brain. These twins rarely survive.

Diagnosis

Conjoined twins are often diagnosed in the early stages of pregnancy with a prenatal ultrasound. A thorough prenatal evaluation is particularly important for conjoined twins, as the location and extent of where the twins are joined and what organs are shared plays a crucial role in deciding whether the twins will be separable. To thouroughly diagnose conjoined twins, a fetal ultrasound, a fetal echocardiogram and an Ultrafast fetal MRI are used.

Seperation Surgery

If the conjoined twins are candidates for separation surgery, CHOP's pediatric surgical team (which may include general surgeons, plastic and reconstructive surgeons, neurosurgeons and other surgical specialties) will work with a multidisciplinary team to monitor the babies and determine the timeline and approach for the surgical procedure. Specialists involved in your care will likely include neonatologists, cardiologists, advanced practice nurses and maternal-fetal medicine specialists, among others.

One of the many procedures required to prepare twins for separation is the insertion of tissue expanders to increase the skin surface available to cover exposed tissue after surgery.

As separated twins recover after surgery, they are closely followed by nutritionists, developmental pediatricians and other specialists to ensure their ability to thrive and grow.

When the conjoined twins share a heart, successful surgical division is usually not possible.

Notes: I couldn't find video material of a seperation surgery, so if you have some, it would be greatly appretiate it if I can add them to my post!

India.

Dhanika suffers from leukemia, which caused her eyes to bulge out of her head and even bleed while the infection was occurring. She lives with her mother in poor conditions in a small village. Her mother could not afford treatment, and so the disease has reached this horrific stage.

(Idk if it's a repost or not.)

quite lovely! I don't have any further info tho, so don't ask!

What are Lichtenburg Figures + Scars

Lichtenburg figures + scars, also know as lightening flowers or trapped lightening are an aftermath effect of being struck by lightning or from other high voltage discharges. After about an hour after the strike, figures form with a fractal type branch pattern and is most cases is not permanent and will typically fade away within a few days after the strike (on humans).

Also, humans aren't the only things that can be subjected to this phenomenon. Lichtenburg figures are created through the transmission of high-voltage electrical discharges across or within electrically insulating materials (dielectrics). This can be done in materials such as wood, acrylic, or glass.

Signs of a Potential Strike

If you're outside in a storm or in the beginning of one, and your hair starts pricking up, you start hearing a crackling/snapping sound, notice a burning smell in the air, and/or feel a tingling/buzzing sensation throughout your body..you are at a high risk for a strike. Seek shelter immediately.

Seeking Shelter

"Based on documented cases of lightning deaths and injuries, the nationwide odds of being killed or injured by lightning are estimated to be about 1 in 400,000 for each year of your life. Assuming a life span of **80 years, that's lifetime odds of more than 1 in 12,000." [9] Leisurely activity is the cause for around 6/10 of lightening deaths and work related activity is responsible for around 2/10 of lightening deaths [12]

Your behavior during storms will also determine your odds of being struck, the more you know about the warning signs and safety precautions, the lower your chances will be, and vice versa.

If you're outside during a lightening storm you should seek appropriate shelter. [11]

Safe Shelters

• Homes

• Stores

• Offices

• Hard top vehicles w/ windows up

Unsafe Shelters

• Under/near isolated trees

• Open shelters (gazebo, porch, dugouts, sports arenas)

• Open spaces (parks, golf courses, playgrounds)

• Open vehicles (convertibles, motorcycles, golf carts)

• Bodies of water (pools, ponds, lakes, beaches)

• Next to/near poles or tall objects

• Next to/near objects that conduct electricity

• Cliff or rocky overhang

If you are outside with no safe shelters nearby, follow these steps:

• Get off elevated areas such as hills, mountain ridges, or peaks.

• Do not lie flat, Crouch down in a ball-like position with your head tucked and hands over your ears so that you are down low with minimal contact with the ground

• Never shelter under an isolated tree. If you are in a forest, shelter near lower trees.

• Do not seek shelter near a cliff or rocky overhang

• Immediately divert from bodies of water

• Stay away from objects that conduct electricity (such as barbed wire fences, power lines or windmills).

• If you are with a group of people, split up..this will reduce the number of injuries if lightening strikes

If you are out in the open water and a storm rolls in:

• Return to shore immediately.

• If you are on a boat in open water when a thunderstorm rolls in, return to shore immediately and seek shelter.

• If you are unable to return to shore, boats with cabins offer some protection.

• lf caught in a storm in a small boat with no cabin, drop anchor and get as low as possible

here you will see why you shouldn't huddle around a tree during a lightening storm

Humans with Lichtenburg Figures

19 yr old struck by lightening + gets Lichtenburg scars

A 19-year-old woman was brought to the ER after a nearby lightning strike in which her Great Dane dog had been instantly killed. She briefly lost consciousness and found herself on the wet ground, calling for help

Winston Kemp struck by lightening + gets Lichtenburg figure scars

1 week after the strike, the figures are starting to scab

Scarring

Ella struck by lightening + gets Lichtenburg figures scars

severe Lichtenburg figure burn

miscellaneous Lichtenburg figures on humans

Lichtenburg Figures on the Deceased

The body of a 16-y-old boy was found abandoned in a field on the afternoon of a stormy rainy summer day...External examination of the body revealed the presence of LFs on the anterior chest [8]

A 28-y-old shepherdess was found lying unconscious in front of her barn by a neighbor on an early summer evening...Death occurred less than an hour after the patient arrived at the hospital despite cardiopulmonary resuscitation...External examination revealed abrasions of the face that were not the cause of death. LFs were seen over the left hip, buttocks, and lower back. [8]

Three friends were found unconscious by a forest ranger on a spring afternoon in a mountainous region...When the rescue team arrived, 1 of the 3 victims had died while the other 2 were comatose...External examination of the body revealed LFs on the anterior thighs [8]

Patterned, reddish-brown, arborescent Lichtenberg figures over the anterior aspect of right shoulder of a 47-year-old farmer who was found dead in a field following a thunder storm [7]

You can find some personal accounts on how it feels to be struck by lightening/electrocuted here: https://www.reddit.com/r/AskReddit/s/A74OcPzQpQ

Naturally Occuring Lichtenburg Figures

Lichtenburg figure in concrete where lightening struck

Lichtenburg Figures on Golf Courses + Grass Fields

Lichtenburg figures caused by down powerlines

The term Lichenburg Figure comes from the German physicist, Georg Christoph Lichtenburg who discovered this phenomenon in November of 1777 when he was experimenting with static electricity.

Georg Christoph Lichtenburg

As seen below, you can see that you don't have to wait for lightening to strike to get the figures. There are ways to mimic the electric charges to make your own Lichtenburg figures which can be used to make beautiful pieces of art.

Manmade Lichtenburg Figures

Lichtenburg figure shocked into acrylic block

Lichtenburg figures shocked into acrylic block from reddit /u/GolfIsWhyImBroke

Lichtenburg figures in acrylic blocks

Lichtenburg figures burned into wood with electricity from reddit /u/GallowBoob

Lichtenburg figures burned into wood with electricity from reddit user /u/Dmcd33

Lichtenburg figures burned into wood with electricity from reddit /u/itsRichHill1

Lichtenburg figures burned into pvc pipe from reddit /u/kackperks1

Lichtenburg figures burned into guitar + other wood pieces by reddit /u/mtnman7610 and here

Lichtenburg figures on wood from here

Terms:

Dielectric: "Insulating material or a very poor conductor of electric current. When dielectrics are placed in an electric field, practically no current flows in them because, unlike metals, they have no loosely bound, or free, electrons that may drift through the material." [2]

Sources:

[1] https://www.aps.org/publications/apsnews/201211/physicshistory.cfm

[2] https://www.britannica.com/science/dielectric

[3] https://i.imgur.com/gallery/i3M45

[4] https://geardiary.com/2011/06/17/meet-winston-kemp-lightning-strike-survivor-and-lichtenberg-figure-owner/

[5] https://sciencegeekgirl.wordpress.com/tag/lightening/

[6] https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMicm1106008

[7] https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Patterned-reddish-brown-arborescent-Lichtenberg-figures-over-the-anterior-aspect-of_fig1_

[8] https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1080603222001399

[9] https://www.maine.gov/mema/hazards/natural-hazards/lightning-safety

[10] https://www.reddit.com/r/AskReddit/s/A74OcPzQpQ

[11] https://www.cdc.gov/disasters/lightning/safetytips.html

[12] https://www.cdc.gov/disasters/lightning/victimdata/infographic.html

I hope you guys enjoyed and make sure to stay safe so you don't end up like one of the people in the photos!!

I lied. I have info. a lot. IS THIS AN EFFORTPOST? IS IT??

A 45 year old woman had a bariatric gastric bypass surgical operation. A few years before the operation she had a weight of 192 kg (BMI 65). Over a two years period she was able to reduce her weight to 149 kg. This preoperative weight of 149 kg was stable over the last four months before the gastric bypass operation. She had a medical history of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and severe psoriasis. She had also been hospitalised with erysipelas and ulcers on the lower extremities a few years prior to having gastric bypass surgery.

Though she received postoperative advice from a dietician about the importance of eating a vitamin rich diet, she continued with an insufficient diet in order to obtain further weight loss. Three months postoperatively she had lost further 20 kg in weight. At the same time she began to develop painful swelling, bruising and small ulcers on the lower extremities. She was hospitalised at the local hospital with fever one week after these symptoms appeared. Within the next 24 hours she developed purpura on the lower extremities and a sepsis like condition. Due to this she was transferred to Intensive care unit (ICU) at Odense University hospital. Within days she developed multiple organ dysfunction syndrome with cerebral, respiratory, circulatory and renal failure. It was necessary to intubate and ventilate the patient and renal failure was treated with continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). To restore the circulation it was necessary to treat the patient with a large amount of intravenous fluids and vasopressor agents. Infected leg ulcers were suspected to be the focus for sepsis. After appropriate samples of blood and secretion were taken for cultures, broad-spectrum antibiotic was initiated. No bacteria occurred in the cultures and the patient showed no signs of improvement on antibiotic therapy. In contrast the changes in the skin progressed with increasing erythema, and ecchymosis forming a painful, confluent purpuric plaques and bullae. Minimal trauma to the skin resulted in petechiae and confluent purpuric plaques. It was estimated that 30% of the skin was affected by confluent purpuric plaques. As a result of these haemorrhagic bullae the patient was continuously bleeding from the skin. On the worst days the blood loss from the skin was estimated to be 61 per day. In addition to blood loss the patient lost a large amount of fluid from the skin-estimated on the worst days to be 201 per day. The patient's lips were covered with haemorrhagic crust but no major gingival bleeding was observed. Skin biopsy was performed. This biopsy showed diffuse extravasation of erythrocytes but no hyperkeratosis or “corkscrew hair”. The subdermal tissue was vital. A biopsy from the bone marrow was without any sign of malignancy.

Over the three weeks in the ICU it became obvious that the skin changes and the massive loss of blood and fluid from the skin were not in accordance with a diagnosis of sepsis. It was proposed that the massive bleeding from the skin might be due to scurvy. A blood sample for the analysis of serum-ascorbic acid levels was taken and the patient was treated with enteral ascorbic acid at a dose of 2 g per day. The blood sample showed a serum-ascorbic acid concentration of 6.6 (normal range 26 - 85 μmol per l). After two days of vitamin-C treatment the patient's condition began gradually to improve. The skin changes gradually disappeared, haemodynamics improved, the patient regained her renal function and could be weaned from the ventilator. A few weeks after the start of ascorbic acid treatment the patient could be transferred to the medical ward.

my bad to all the big FAT misspells. I'm dyslexic, spare me, oh sexy one.

A_ intra-operative view showing the dartos myo cutneous flaps harvested from the lateral part of the scrotum.

B_ the dartos myo cutneous flaps are rotated to cover the anterior surface of the shaft and sutured on the midline.

Skin grafting is a skin transplantation and is done to aid healing in large wounds. Grafting is most commonly used for burn victims or accidents that cause great loss of skin. (in this post there is only one minor, hence the child warning)

They may remove your own skin from an area to use as a graft, this gives it a less likely chance of rejection. If that isn't an option or the doctor chooses to, they can use skin from a skin donor. Donors can be alive or deceased, but they will more commonly be deceased.

They often time use a tool called a dermatome to remove the skin from the donor site

concept

dermatone

meshed skin

process and harvesting sites

The most common skin harvesting parts are the back, lower legs, and the lower abdomen

fresh graft + donor site [[10]]

healing donor site [9]

healed donor site

They use this machine that meshes the skin so it can cover a larger surface area.

burn debridment + skin graft

Fish Skin Grafting

Yep, you heard that right..fish skin grafts.

Fish skin grafting "is a new skin substitute is currently being used in clinical applications. Acceleration of the wound healing, lack of disease transmission, and low cost of the production process can introduce fish skin as a potential alternative to other grafts" [12]

which fish do they use?

They use talpia and North Atlantic cod for skin grafting. "They are able to sterilize the fish skin with Chlorhexidine and povidone iodine...as they are effective against Gram-negative, Gram-positive bacteria and fungi and kill by disruption of the cell membrane."

[13]

sterilization process

"The Tilapia skin strips were allocated randomly into four main groups (3 skin strips for each); CHG, PVP-I, and AgNPs groups. Each group was then incubated for different contact time points (5, 10, and 15 min). In addition to a control group (C) treated with normal saline for the three different times. The tilapia skin strips were subjected to bacteriological and histological evaluation following each sterilization treatment at the indicated time points." [13]

benefits

example

Maria Ines Candido da Silva, 36, suffered severe burns to her arms and neck from a gas canister explosion. [14]

her leg wrapped in fish skin

The Tilapia's skin was left on Miss da Silva's neck, face and left arm for 11 days before being removed.

Doctors kept the fish skin on her left hand for longer as these wounds were deeper.

The fish skin grafts on her hand were replaced many times over a 20 day period to restore the damaged tissue. [14]

Medical Examples

Fresh

from a 3rd degree burn

skin graft due to cancer [11]

full thickness integra skin graft + 1 year post op

Fresh + Healing/Healed

Unknown Causes

avulsion fracture + skin graft (child)

Burns

Woman suffers deep 2nd and 3rd degree burns on the face [2]

debridment

full thickness graft sutured to the face [2]

1 week post-op

3 weeks post-op

3 weeks post-op closure on the donor site

3 months post-op. ectropion visible on the left lower eyelid

6 months post-op. finally healed!

Volcano burn survivor, Stephanie Browitt [2]

New Zealand's White Island volcano

During this eruption, only 22 out of the 47 victim's survived, one of them being Stephanie Browitt

Browitt's younger sister, Krystal, 21, never made it off the island. Her body was retrieved several days later.

Browitt's father, Paul, was airlifted to a hospital but died from his injuries a month later. [2]

her explaining on a chart of the location of the burns, she was burned on 70% of her body

burns

unfortunately she lost several of her fingers after the eruption

compression mask + removal

Browitt has worn the compression mask for two-and-a-half years, fearing the day “would never come” when she would finally be able to reveal her face. [2]

leg scarring

(now: dec 20, 2022)

leg wrinkles!!

Facial Scarring

In the earlier stages of scar healing, they can take on a dark purple/red/pink color. This color does fade after a few years, it will go down to a lighter pink then it will fade to white, or to whatever your skin color is

Her Instagram is stephaniecoral96 and she posts her healing progress! Her reconstruction is truly amazing.

Accidents

Traffic accident deglovement, wound necrosis, infection, sepsis and healing progression of skin graft. (the thing in the wound that is connected to a tube is a wound vac) [3]

3 year skin graft progression. [4]

3 year progression of skin graft healing post car-crash.

Wrecked my car over three years ago and broke my femur/shattered my pelvis. My thigh was partially degloved resulting in necrosis/infection, after a few debridement surgeries & a wound vac, I got a skin graft done that was successful. [4]

Terms

Debridment: removal of dead or infected skin tissue or foreign objects from the wound to aid healing

Degloving: when a large piece of your skin along with the layer of soft tissue right under it is partially or completely ripped from your muscles and connecting tissues. [7]

Donor Site: the area of your body where skin is taken for skin grafting

Ectropion: is a condition in which your eyelid turns outward.

Integra Skin Graft: a synthetic skin replacement used to reconstruct wounds after elective planned surgery, or after trauma [6]

Wound Vac: removes this pressure over the area of the wound. This can help a wound heal in several ways. It can gently pull fluid from the wound over time. This can reduce swelling and may help clean the wound. [8]

Sources

[1] https://bestwoundpractice.com/third-degree-burn-in-the-face/

[2] https://nypost.com/2022/06/06/white-island-volcano-burn-survivor-removes-face-mask-for-1st-time/

[3] https://old.reddit.com/r/medizzy/comments/150m0r8/traffic_accident_deglovement_wound_necrosis/?sort=controversial

[4] https://old.reddit.com/r/surgery/comments/lq5qg9/skin_graft_3_years_on/?sort=controversial

[5] https://old.reddit.com/r/MedicalGore/comments/1akto2d/skin_graft_inner_thigh_after_3_years/?sort=controversial

[6] https://cambridgeplasticsurgery.co.uk/Integra-Dermal-Substitute

[7] https://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/what-is-a-degloving-injury

[8] https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/treatment-tests-and-therapies/vacuumassisted-closure-of-a-wound

[9] https://old.reddit.com/r/MakeMeSuffer/comments/10wnpxb/skin_graft_donor_site_healing/?sort=controversial

[10] https://old.reddit.com/r/MedicalGore/comments/19cqw0p/skin_graft_and_donor_site/?sort=controversial

[11] https://old.reddit.com/r/interestingasfuck/comments/r5ssdl/mild_gore_brothers_girlfriends_transparent_skin/?sort=controversial

[12] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10410342/

[13] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7785820/

[14] https://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-4033254/Doctors-using-FISH-SKIN-treat-burn-victims-pioneering-new-treatment-heal-wounds.html

Please keep your comments respectful

Painful but satisfying as hell

A 38-year-old woman was injured in a domestic dispute with her ex-husband. She was stabbed in her belly and splashed with sulfuric acid. Upon presentation to our emergency department, a physical examination showed one 5-cm-long, longitudinal, penetrating wound in the upper midline abdominal region, with a sharp demarcation and exposure of abdominal viscera. In addition, she exhibited second- to third-degree chemical burn injuries over her chin, anterior chest, and both upper limbs covering 15% of the total body surface area (Fig. 1). The injury severity score exceeded 16. While in the emergency department, the patient went into hypovolemic shock. Fluid resuscitation and blood transfusion were performed after a quick initial survey. Substantial saline irrigation over the burn lesions was performed. Emergency damage control surgery was commenced, under general anesthesia and using exploratory laparoscopy, to determine the extent of bleeding. Repair of the severed inferior vena cava (IVC) and a partial gastrectomy were performed. Near-total transection of the first portion of the duodenum, and a perforation of the IVC (Fig. 2) of approximately 2.5 cm were noted during the operation.

After the surgery, the patient was admitted to our intensive care unit for further treatment. Coagulopathy occurred after substantial blood transfusions because of the activation and depletion of coagulation factors secondary to tissue trauma. Empiric antibiotics with ampicillin and sulbactam were administered upon admission. In addition, we consulted a nutritional support team doctor in evaluating and managing her nutritional condition.

Because of the relatively stable condition of this patient, exploratory laparoscopy with a Roux-en-Y gastrojejunostomy and primary suture of the duodenum was performed as a second-stage operation (Fig. 3). In addition, we performed early debridement of the chemical burn wound on the 3rd day postinjury. Fluid resuscitation was performed according to the Parkland formula and adjusted according to the urine output. Several skin grafting procedures were performed to cover the wound. A consultation with a psychiatrist was arranged to establish and evaluate the patient's rehabilitation program.

After 1 year of follow-up, the patient had fully recovered. She had a full range of motion in her neck and both upper limbs and exhibited no scar contracture (Fig. 4).

year later :

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1682606X15000031

Hello! Welcome to what I hope will be the first in many detailed posts I will make to this site covering the science and gorey history of many different forms of injuries. In this specific post, I'll be going over gunshot wounds, specifically from handgun caliber bullets.

First of all I'd like to discuss the wounding capacities of two different handgun calibers. Two of the most common being 9×19mm Parabellum and .45 Automatic Colt Pistol (ACP). There is a common belief amongst gun owners that .45 ACP is superior for self defense because it has a "bigger bullet." In terms of raw size, this is entirely true. 9mm has a diameter of (surprise surprise) 9mm, whereas the .45 ACP has a diameter of 11.5mm. Common sense would say that one would be more damaging then the other, right? Well, with the many advances of bullet technology this may not be the case.

The below data was gathered from Lucky Gunner's Labs tests.

When considering the wounding capacity of self defense ammo there are a few main factors we have to consider. The first is penetration depth. The FBI has a 12-18 inch standard that they claim is the ideal range for a bullet to penetrate into a body. This is because too little penetration can not be enough to hit vital organs whereas over penetration, where the bullet leaves the body after entry, means that not all of the energy is being dispersed into the target.

The second factor is post-entry bullet diameter. When a bullet collides with a body in ideal circumstances it "mushrooms" and expands, forcing the tissue apart.

Above is an image of Federal 147 gr HST with both pre-entry and post-entry expansion. Here we can see that the actual wounding capacity of a bullet, once it enters tissue, isn't based on the original diameter.

A controversial factor is the velocity of a bullet. It's a common misconception that a greater velocity would equal more damage. This just isn't the whole story though. A good example of this is to compare the wounding capacity of both 9mm 147 Grain HST JHP Federal and the +P variant. The +P variant, standing for 'Over pressure', reaches an average velocity of 1008 feet per second. When we look at the normal version, this drops to 973 feet per second. If the logic of "more velocity = better" was to be true here, we'd have to see an increased performance in both expansion and velocity but we don't. Instead the +P variant penetrates on average 4 inches deeper, but actually has an average diameter of .60 inches of expansion compared to the .61 inches of expansion from the normal pressure variant. This shows that a higher velocity bullet doesn't necessarily mean it's more deadly, but it does mean that it can penetrate armor better.

With the characteristics of the actual bullet itself covered, we now need to look at the wounds bullets can cause.

When a bullet makes contact with flesh it creates an entry wound, usually about the diameter of the actual bullet itself as it's not had a chance to dump its energy yet.

Here are two examples of a 9mm entry wound. Example A is an entry wound on soft tissue that stretches easier, with example B being on the tissue of the back which tends to be tougher and less elastic. In example A we can see that the wound measures approximately 9mm in diameter, the exact same as the bullet that went in.

The wound then enters the body, where it begins to dump its energy. As the bullet passes through tissue it causes shockwaves to expand through the flesh, pushing it outwards. The elasticity of the flesh kicks in and the wound then closes in on itself, leaving what is called a "permanent cavity." The temporary space created is known as a "permanent cavity" and is the space that can be easily seen in the flesh once the bullet has passed through.

The above image shows an example of ballistic gelatin expanding when hit by a bullet. This is the temporary cavitation. I would love to give you real examples of this on a human body, but this is incredibly hard to capture the nature of the wound.

I was able to find an example of a gunshot wound on the dead cadaver of an animal, however.

In example A you can see the temporary cavity forming as the bullet passes through. In Example B you can see the same wound with it's now much smaller permanent cavity. Although the temporary cavity is now contracted and no longer present, tissue will still receive a large amount of damage and in extreme cases can tear from the pressure of the cavity, as seen in the image below.

The image above shows flesh torn as a result of the expansion of temporary cavitation. Even though the temporary cavity is gone, the wound is still very much present.

Lastly there is the exit wound. The exit wound is what occurs when the bullet manages to penetrate through the entire body. Due to the fact that the bullet has already expanded and dumped much of its energy the exit wound is commonly a lot wider than the entry wound.

Here is the entry wound and exit wound of a small caliber revolver.

We can see that on the right the wound is much bigger and irregular sized. This increases the likelihood of bleeding out and provides an extra challenge to doctors attempting to stitch up the wound due to the often irregular size of the exit wound.

Headshots are the most iconic form of bullet wound and for good reason. Due to the lack of elasticity, fat and muscle in the head bullet wounds can be the most graphic form.

Above we can see a bullet wound to the head, specifically the entrance wound. Due to the rigidity of the skull and tissue inside of the head the "temporary cavity" is still very easy to see, even with smaller caliber bullets such as in the example below.

Although they are iconic in their own right, gunshot wounds to the head are not the most common in actual warfare. A staple of modern video games, headshots actually only account for 36.2% of combat gunshot wounds. In suicides however headshots count for a much higher amount of gunshot wounds.

The wounds seen in suicides are also much different. They tend to be even more gorey owing to the fact that they are often contact wounds done from less than inches away from the head. It's common for the wounds to also be taken to the front/underneath of the fact, leading to almost flower-like wounds as seen in figure A of the below image.

Now, how do the two most common handgun calibers compare in terms of wounding capability? Well, as we've established, the largest factor in wounding is the permanent and temporary cavitation. There is a direct link from bullet expansion diameter to cavition diameter.

When we compare the tested 9mm cartridges we see a range of expansion from .35" to .74" with a median of approximately .50" and a similar average. When we compare this to .45 ACP we get a range of expansion from .45" to 1.00", with a median of approximately .65" and an average of approximately .60".

In terms of raw data, the .45 ACP is more powerful.

However in ballistics tests with modern ammunition this just isn't the case.

The above figure shows two ballistic gel wounds. The above showing a 9mm wound and the below a .45 ACP round standard generic ammunition. Here we can see that the .45 ACP temporary wound is infact slightly wider but it's arguably neglible and not stastically significant. The .45 ACP also does not show an increase in penetration depth in both the ballistics gel test and in the ammunition tests.

So to answer the question of which is better, it's really up to you. Do you prefer the slight increase in power or do you prefer the slight increase in capacity that 9mm can often bring?

So that's it. That's my first attempt at a proper detailed post on this site. I hope you enjoyed the read. If you have suggestions for what I should do next, please comment them down below, be that specific types of ammunition, guns, tortures, executions. Everything (that isn't illegal) is on the table.

I hope you enjoyed :D

Sources-

https://www.luckygunner.com/labs/self-defense-ammo-ballistic-tests/

https://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/forensicsgunshotwounds.html

https://www.orthobullets.com/trauma/1059/gun-shot-wounds